Is it true that the faster the laser marking machine is, the shallower it becomes?
The relationship between speed and marking depth during the laser marking process is a common technical issue. Generally speaking, the faster the speed of a laser marking machine, the shallower the marking depth. This is because speed affects the duration of laser energy acting on the material surface. The following is a detailed explanation and an analysis of related factors:
I. The Relationship between Speed and Marking Depth
(1) Basic Principles
Laser marking machines form marks by irradiating the surface of materials with high-energy-density laser beams, causing physical or chemical changes in the materials. The marking speed determines the movement speed of the laser beam on the material surface. The faster the speed, the shorter the time the laser beam stays at each point, the less energy is transferred, and thus the shallower the marking depth.
(II) Specific Impacts
1. Energy transfer: The faster the speed, the shorter the time the laser beam stays at each point on the material surface, and the less energy is transferred. This leads to a slower increase in the surface temperature of the material, a smaller heat-affected zone, and a shallower marking depth.
2. Heat accumulation: The slower the speed, the longer the laser beam stays at each point on the material surface, and the more energy is transferred. This leads to a rapid increase in the surface temperature of the material, with more heat accumulation and a deeper marking depth.
Ii. Other factors Affecting the depth of marking
(1) Laser power
Laser power is one of the important parameters that affect the depth of marking. The higher the power, the stronger the energy of the laser beam and the deeper the marking depth. If a deeper marking is required, the laser power can be appropriately increased and the speed adjusted at the same time to achieve the best effect.
(II) Pulse width
The pulse width determines the duration of each laser pulse. The longer the pulse width, the more energy each pulse has and the deeper the marking depth. If a deeper mark is required, the pulse width can be appropriately increased while adjusting the speed to achieve the best effect.
(III) Material Properties
Different materials absorb and react to lasers differently. Some materials (such as metals) have a relatively high absorption rate of lasers and a deeper marking depth. However, some materials (such as plastics) have a relatively low absorption rate of lasers, resulting in a shallower marking depth. Therefore, when adjusting the speed, the characteristics of the material need to be taken into consideration.
(4) Marking mode
The marking mode can also affect the marking depth. For instance, the marking depth in dot matrix mode and grayscale mode will be different. Dot matrix mode is usually used for shallower marking, while grayscale mode can achieve deeper marking.
Iii. Suggestions for Practical Operation
(1) Testing and Optimization
In actual operation, it is recommended to first conduct tests on small samples and adjust parameters such as speed, power, and pulse width to achieve the best marking effect. Through multiple tests, the best combination of parameters suitable for specific materials and marking requirements can be found.
(2) Balance speed and depth
In actual production, it is necessary to balance speed and marking depth according to specific requirements. If a deeper marking is required, the speed can be appropriately reduced and the power increased. If a shallower marking is required, the speed can be appropriately increased and the power reduced.
(3) Material Protection
For some sensitive materials (such as plastic or glass), excessively high laser energy may cause material damage. Therefore, when adjusting the speed, special attention should be paid to protecting the material to avoid overheating or damage.
Iv. Summary
The faster the speed of the laser marking machine, the shallower the marking depth. This is because speed affects the duration of laser energy acting on the material surface. In practical operation, factors such as laser power, pulse width, material properties and marking mode need to be comprehensively considered, and the best parameter combination should be found through testing and optimization. By reasonably adjusting the speed and other parameters, the ideal marking effect can be achieved on different materials.
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